Soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris dan Pembahasannya, Full Kunci Jawaban Pilihan Ganda SNBT 2023

MANTRA SUKABUMI - Berikut soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris dan pembahasannya dilengkapi dengan kunci jawaban soal pilihan ganda terkini.

UTBK 2022 lalu bahasa Inggris menjadi materi tes tersendiri, di Tes Skolastik UTBK-SNBT 2023 nanti, Literasi Bahasa Inggris pun masih menjadi salah satu tes yang akan diujikan.

Hal ini menunjukkan tes pentingnya kemampuan bahasa Inggris untuk mendukung pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi kelak. Salah satunya melalui Tes Skolastik UTBK-SNBT 2023.

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Literasi Bahasa Inggris adalah tes dalam memahami bahasa asing (Inggris). Tes ini diujikan untuk melihat kemampuan Bahasa Inggris kamu sebagai calon mahasiswa yang penting untuk mendukung pembelajaran di jenjang selanjutnya.

Tes Literasi Bahasa Inggriis ini akan menguji kemampuan kamu terkait pemahaman bacaan, berikut ini soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris an pembahasannya.

Contoh Soal Literasi Bahasa Inggris UTBK dan Pembahasannya

1. Topik: General Information
Read the text and answer the question!

Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.

Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur. About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.

What is the author’s attitude towards the topic of the passage?

A. Concerned
B. Critical
C. Informative
D. Satisfied
E. Optimistic

Jawaban: C

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan sikap penulis terhadap teks tersebut.

Sikap penulis dalam sebuah wacana dinyatakan dengan kata sifat, seperti yang terlihat pada pilihan-pilihan yang tersedia. Supaya dapat menentukan kata sifat yang tepat, pembaca perlu memperhatikan hal-hal seperti pilihan kata, jenis kalimat (kalimat fakta atau opini), asumsi, kesimpulan, dan keberpihakan penulis baik yang tersurat maupun tersirat dalam tulisannya.

Teks bacaan menunjukan bahwa topik pembicaraan penulis adalah peristiwa gempa bumi. Di paragraf pertama, penulis memberikan definisi serta menjelaskan proses terjadinya gempa bumi. Di paragraf selanjutnya, penulis berbicara tentang bidang keilmuan seismologi serta terobosan yang dicapainya.

Dalam kedua paragraf tersebut, penulis secara konsisten memakai kalimat-kalimat yang bersifat faktual. Selain itu, tidak ada kalimat, frasa, atau kata yang memperlihatkan reaksi pribadi penulis terhadap topik yang dibicarakannya. Dari lima pilihan kata sifat yang tersedia, kata informative adalah kata yang paling tepat menggambarkan sikap penulis.

Dengan demikian, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah C.

2. Topik: General Information
Read the text and answer the question!

Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.

Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur. About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.

The paragraph following the passage most likely discusses ….

A. suggestions to emerge the seismology to detect the earthquake
B. examples of the substantial damage that caused by the earthquake
C. the development of seismology to identify the earthquake earlier
D. factors that cause the earthquake and seismic wave
E. the reason why we need the seismology

Jawaban: B

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan topik yang kemungkinan besar dibahas pada paragraf selanjutnya setelah teks tersebut.

Dalam sebuah wacana, topik sebuah paragraf lanjutan harus padu dengan topik paragraf sebelumnya. Untuk menguji kepaduan ini, pembaca dapat melihat pada bagian penutup paragraf dan bagian awal paragraf selanjutnya. Kepaduan dua paragraf tersebut akan terlihat dari bagian-bagian tersebut.

Bagian penutup paragraf terakhir di teks bacaan adalah kalimat over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property. Kalimat penutup ini berbicara mengenai akibat gempa, yaitu hilangnya nyawa manusia dan kerusakan-kerusakan properti. Dari lima pilihan topik yang tersedia, topik yang paling padu dengan kalimat ini adalah examples of the substantial damage that caused by the earthquake. Paragraf dengan topik tersebut akan menjadi paragraf yang padu dengan paragraf terakhir dalam teks bacaan.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah B.

3. Topik: Understanding Specific Information
Read the text and answer the question!

Earthquake is any sudden shaking of the ground caused by the passage of seismic waves through Earth’s rocks. Seismic waves are produced when some form of energy stored in Earth’s crust is suddenly released, usually when masses of rock straining against one another suddenly fracture and “slip.” Earthquakes occur most often along geologic faults, narrow zones where rock masses move in relation to one another. The major fault lines of the world are located at the fringes of the huge tectonic plates that make up Earth’s crust.

Little was understood about earthquakes until the emergence of seismology at the beginning of the 20th century. Seismology, which involves the scientific study of all aspects of earthquakes, has yielded answers to such long-standing questions as why and how earthquakes occur. About 50,000 earthquakes large enough to be noticed without the aid of instruments occur annually over the entire Earth. Of these, approximately 100 are of sufficient size to produce substantial damage if their centers are near areas of habitation. Very great earthquakes occur on average about once per year. Over the centuries they have been responsible for millions of deaths and an incalculable amount of damage to property.

What will happen when seismic waves pass through Earth’s rocks?

A. It will answer why and how earthquakes occur.
B. It may cause an earthquake.
C. It will store some form of energy in Earth’s crust.
D. The masses of rock will slip.
E. It may produce seismic waves.

Jawaban: B

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan hal yang akan terjadi ketika gelombang seismik melewati batuan bumi.

Informasi tentang gelombang seismik dapat ditemukan dalam paragraf pertama. Dikatakan bahwa gempa bumi 'adalah setiap guncangan tiba-tiba dari tanah yang disebabkan oleh lewatnya gelombang seismik melalui batuan bumi.' Berdasarkan pendefinisian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa jika lempengan bumi menerima gelombang seismik, gempa bumi akan terjadi.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah B.

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4. Topik: General Information
The question is based on the following passage.

TikTok is often applauded for its recommendation system; once it’s finely tuned, the app becomes one of the best scrolling experiences. My personal theory is that’s why TikTok is so addicting—everything is so perfectly curated to your specific interests, it’s hard to put the phone down once you’re sucked in. However, TikTok’s recommendation algorithm still has its own flaws that the company brings up in its new blog post.

“One of the inherent challenges with recommendation engines is that they can inadvertently limit user experience–what is sometimes referred to as a ‘filter bubble’,” the post reads. It states that by optimizing for personalization and relevance, there is a risk of presenting an increasingly homogenous stream of videos.

Another issue that TikTok takes seriously is not surfacing dangerous content. This is an issue that YouTube in particular has faced criticism over for many years. According to TikTok, content that has graphic material like medical procedures or “legal consumption of regulated goods,” like alcohol, may not be eligible for recommendation because it could come across as “shocking if surfaced as a recommended video to a general audience”. That’s why many creators on TikTok will upload a video more than once or talk openly about feeling shadow banned over particular content.

On the basis of the passage, it can be predicted that ...

A. Video creators on TikTok will avoid creating dangerous content.
B. TikTok will be considered a safer social media platform compared to YouTube.
C. Videos with sensitive content can only be recommended for a specific scope of viewers.
D. Other social media platforms will look up to TikTok for its good recommendation system.
E. Users will be exposed to topics outside their preferences in their recommendation feeds.

Jawaban: A

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan prediksi yang dapat dibuat dari teks bacaan.

Prediksi adalah simpulan tentang apa yang akan terjadi dalam kaitan dengan sebuah informasi. Meskipun kebenaran atau ketepatannya belum dapat ditentukan, sebuah prediksi yang baik harus berhubungan logis dengan informasi yang melandasinya.

Pilihan A adalah sebuah prediksi yang baik karena pernyataannya berhubungan logis dengan informasi yang disampaikan dalam paragraf ketiga, yaitu bahwa TikTok tidak akan merekomendasikan video yang mengandung konten yang melanggar kebijakan TikTok. Jika para pembuat video menginginkan video-video mereka banyak ditonton, mereka tentunya akan berusaha menghindari konten yang melanggar kebijakan TikTok.

Pilihan B adalah sebuah prediksi yang tidak baik karena pernyataannya berkaitan dengan persaingan antara TikTok dengan aplikasi lain, YouTube, yang tidak dibahas secara mendalam oleh penulis. Dengan kata lain, teks bacaan tidak memberikan informasi yang cukup tentang strategi YouTube dalam mengatasi permasalahan konten berbahaya sehingga pembaca dapat membandingkannya dengan TikTok.

Pilihan C tidak dapat disebut sebagai sebuah prediksi. Pernyataan ini hanya simpulan tersirat dari informasi yang sudah dicantumkan dalam paragraf ketiga, yaitu bahwa konten bergrafik seperti prosedur medis tidak memenuhi syarat untuk direkomendasikan karena dapat 'mengejutkan jika direkomendasikan kepada khalayak umum'.

Pilihan D adalah sebuah prediksi yang tidak baik karena alasan yang serupa dengan alasan pada pilihan B. Teks tidak memberikan informasi yang cukup mengenai aplikasi-aplikasi lain untuk digunakan sebagai landasan prediksi mengenai apa yang akan dilakukan oleh aplikasi-aplikasi tersebut.

Pilihan E juga tidak dapat disebut sebagai sebuah prediksi karena menyatakan sesuatu yang kemungkinan besar tidak akan terjadi. Paragraf kedua menjelaskan bahwa sistem rekomendasi TikTok beresiko menampilkan video-video yang homogen sehingga kemungkinan para pengguna tidak terekspos topik-topik di luar preferensi mereka

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah A.

5. Topik: General Information
The question is based on the following passage.

TikTok is often applauded for its recommendation system; once it’s finely tuned, the app becomes one of the best scrolling experiences. My personal theory is that’s why TikTok is so addicting—everything is so perfectly curated to your specific interests, it’s hard to put the phone down once you’re sucked in. However, TikTok’s recommendation algorithm still has its own flaws that the company brings up in its new blog post.

“One of the inherent challenges with recommendation engines is that they can inadvertently limit user experience–what is sometimes referred to as a ‘filter bubble’,” the post reads. It states that by optimizing for personalization and relevance, there is a risk of presenting an increasingly homogenous stream of videos.

Another issue that TikTok takes seriously is not surfacing dangerous content. This is an issue that YouTube in particular has faced criticism over for many years. According to TikTok, content that has graphic material like medical procedures or “legal consumption of regulated goods,” like alcohol, may not be eligible for recommendation because it could come across as “shocking if surfaced as a recommended video to a general audience”. That’s why many creators on TikTok will upload a video more than once or talk openly about feeling shadow banned over particular content.

The writer of the passage intends to ...

A. illustrate TikTok users' concerns about the app's recommendation system
B. oppose the idea that TikTok has a sophisticated recommendation system
C. warn the readers about TikTok’s poor recommendation system
D. inform about the downsides of TikTok's recommendation system
E. explain how TikTok resolves the recommendation system issue

Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan tujuan penulis menulis teks tersebut.

Tujuan seorang penulis tercermin dari topik dan kesimpulan yang terdapat di dalam tulisannya. Oleh sebab itu, pembaca perlu memahami dua hal tersebut lebih dulu supaya dapat menentukan tujuan penulis.

Dalam paragraf pertama teks bacaan, penulis memperkenalkan sistem rekomendasi aplikasi TikTok dan menyebutkan bahwa sistem tersebut masih memiliki kekurangan. Di paragraf kedua, penulis menyebutkan kekurangan yang pertama, yaitu membatasi pengalaman pengguna. Kemudian, di paragraf ketiga, penulis membahas kekurangan lainnya, yaitu ketidakmunculan video-video tertentu yang mengandung konten yang melanggar kebijakan TikTok. Kebijakan ini membuat para pembuat video merasa dilarang secara diam-diam. Melihat topik-topik setiap paragraf tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa tujuan penulis adalah menjabarkan kekurangan-kekurangan sistem rekomendasi TikTok.

Dengan demikian, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah D.

6. Topic: Extracting Core Information
The question is based on the following text.

Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is an infection caused by a bacterial organism (called Chlamydophila felis). The most common signs of chlamydia in cats involve the eyes or the upper respiratory tract (nose or throat), and only when infection is not treated does it spread to the lungs. Because chlamydia lives inside cells of the body and is not able to survive for long in the environment, spread of infection relies on direct or close contact with an infected cat. Following infection, the incubation period (the time between infection and development of clinical signs of disease) is between three and ten days.

The bacteria primarily infects the conjunctiva, which are the delicate membranes lining the eyelids and covering the edges of the eyeballs. The infection causes inflammation known as conjunctivitis. In normal cats, the conjunctiva is not readily visible and has a pale, salmon pink color. In cats with conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva becomes swollen and red, making it more visible. The nictitating membrane or third eyelid in the inner corner of the eye may protrude partially across the eye. One or both eyes may be involved.

Affected cats initially develop a watery discharge from the eyes that quickly becomes thicker and is usually a yellow or greenish color. The eyes are uncomfortable and cats often keep the affected eye(s) closed. Many cats remain bright and otherwise appear normal, but some may develop a fever or lose their appetite. After one or two days, sniffles and sneezing may also occur. In kittens, the infection may spread to the lungs and cause fatal pneumonia.

What does the text mainly deal with?

A. the process of chlamydia affliction in cats
B. an overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
C. clinical signs of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
D. the symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis
E. treatments for cats with chlamydia conjunctivitis

Jawaban: B

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan gagasan utama teks. Gagasan utama teks dapat disimpulkan dari gagasan utama setiap paragrafnya.

Paragraf pertama menjelaskan definisi feline chlamydial conjunctivitis serta cara penyakit tersebut menyerang kucing. Paragraf kedua dan ketiga menjelaskan tanda-tanda klinis kucing yang terkena penyakit tersebut. Jadi, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gagasan utama teks yang tepat adalah gambaran umum mengenai feline chlamydial conjunctivitis (an overview of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis).

Pilihan A tidak tepat karena hanya merujuk pada paragraf pertama saja.

Pilihan C tidak tepat karena teks tidak hanya memuat informasi mengenai tanda-tanda klinis dari feline chlamydial conjunctivitis saja, melainkan juga tentang proses terinfeksinya kucing dengan penyakit ini.

Pilihan D tidak tepat karena teks tidak hanya menjabarkan gejala-gejala feline chlamydial conjunctivitis saja.

Pilihan E tidak tepat karena teks sama sekali tidak memberikan informasi mengenai cara perawatan untuk kucing dengan chlamydia.

Oleh karena itu, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah B.

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7. Topik: Understanding Specific Information
The question is based on the following text.

Feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is an infection caused by a bacterial organism (called Chlamydophila felis). The most common signs of chlamydia in cats involve the eyes or the upper respiratory tract (nose or throat), and only when infection is not treated does it spread to the lungs. Because chlamydia lives inside cells of the body and is not able to survive for long in the environment, spread of infection relies on direct or close contact with an infected cat. Following infection, the incubation period (the time between infection and development of clinical signs of disease) is between three and ten days.

The bacteria primarily infects the conjunctiva, which are the delicate membranes lining the eyelids and covering the edges of the eyeballs. The infection causes inflammation known as conjunctivitis. In normal cats, the conjunctiva is not readily visible and has a pale, salmon pink color. In cats with conjunctivitis, the conjunctiva becomes swollen and red, making it more visible. The nictitating membrane or third eyelid in the inner corner of the eye may protrude partially across the eye. One or both eyes may be involved.

Affected cats initially develop a watery discharge from the eyes that quickly becomes thicker and is usually a yellow or greenish color. The eyes are uncomfortable and cats often keep the affected eye(s) closed. Many cats remain bright and otherwise appear normal, but some may develop a fever or lose their appetite. After one or two days, sniffles and sneezing may also occur. In kittens, the infection may spread to the lungs and cause fatal pneumonia.

One of the symptoms of feline chlamydial conjunctivitis is ….

A. eating disorder
B. laboured breathing
C. low body temperature
D. abnormal eye discharge
E. dysfunctional eye membrane

Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:

Soal menanyakan salah satu gejala penyakit feline chlamydial conjunctivitis.

Informasi tersebut dapat ditemukan di paragraf kedua dan terakhir. Kedua paragraf tersebut menjelaskan bahwa kucing yang terkena penyakit ini menunjukan tanda-tanda seperti selaput mata memerah dan bengkak, membran niktitan menonjol, banyak kotoran mata berwarna kuning atau kehijauan yang cepat mengental, demam, kehilangan nafsu makan, bersin dan pilek.

Di antara lima pilihan yang tersedia, abnormal eye discharge adalah pilihan yang sesuai dengan informasi tersebut.

Pilihan A (gangguan makan) tidak tepat. Kehilangan nafsu makan tidak sama dengan gangguan makan. Gangguan makan adalah kumpulan berbagai penyakit yang berkaitan dengan perilaku makan yang tidak normal seperti makan berlebih atau memakan sesuatu yang bukan makanan.

Pilihan B (sesak nafas) tidak tepat. Tidak ada informasi pada teks yang menyebutkan gejala ini.

Pilihan C (suhu tubuh yang rendah) tidak tepat. Paragraf terakhir menyebutkan bahwa salah satu gejalanya adalah demam yang berarti peningkatan suhu tubuh.

Pilihan E (disfungsi selaput mata) tidak tepat. Paragraf kedua menjelaskan bahwa konjungtiva (selaput membran) kucing terinfeksi berwarna merah dan bengkak serta membran niktitan (kelopak mata ketiga di sudut dalam mata) dapat menonjol. Namun, tidak ada keterangan yang menyatakan bahwa hal tersebut membuat selaput mata kucing tidak berfungsi.

Oleh karena itu, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah D.

8. Topik: General Information
The question is based on the following passage.

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.

How does the author organize the ideas in paragraph 1 and 2?

A. Paragraph 2 exemplifies issues stated in paragraph 1.
B. Paragraph 2 contains a solution to the issue addressed in paragraph 1.
C. Paragraph 2 asserts the weakness of hybrid vehicles explained in paragraph 1.
D. Paragraph 2 reveals the reasons behind the research on vehicles introduced in paragraph 1.
E. Paragraph 2 explains further about research on gas-powered and hybrid vehicles mentioned in paragraph 1.

Jawaban: E

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan kaitan antara paragraf 1 dan paragraf 2 pada teks.

Paragraf 1 membahas tentang upaya penelitian untuk membandingkan komponen mobil berbahan bakar minyak dengan mobil hibrida. Penelitian ini didasarkan ketidakjelasan dampak yang diberikan kedua jenis kendaraan tersebut terhadap kerentanan rantai pasokan elektronik. Sementara itu, paragraf 2 menjabarkan bagaimana penelitian tersebut dilaksanakan. Dengan demikian, paragraf 2 menjelaskan lebih lanjut tentang penelitian yang disebutkan pada paragraf 1 sehingga pilihan E tepat.

Pilihan A (Paragraf 2 mencontohkan masalah yang dinyatakan dalam paragraf 1) dan pilihan B (Paragraf 2 berisi solusi untuk masalah yang dibahas dalam paragraf 1) tidak tepat karena paragraf kedua tidak memberi contoh ataupun berisi solusi terhadap permasalahan yang disampaikan pada paragraf pertama.

Pilihan C (Paragraf 2 menegaskan kelemahan kendaraan hibrida yang dijelaskan dalam paragraf 1) tidak tepat. Pada paragraf pertama tidak disebutkan kelemahan kendaraan hibrida sehingga tidak tepat jika dikatakan paragraf kedua menegaskan kelemahan kendaraan tersebut.

Pilihan D (Paragraf 2 mengungkapkan alasan di balik penelitian tentang kendaraan yang diperkenalkan pada paragraf 1) tidak tepat karena paragraf kedua tidak menyampaikan alasan di balik penelitian yang disampaikan pada paragraf pertama. Alasan tersebut justru disampaikan di paragraf pertama.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah E.

9. Topik: Finding Contextual Meaning

The question is based on the following passage.

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.

Which of the following best restates the underlined sentence in the first paragraph?

A. Stricter environmental laws and changing consumer behavior have impacted how people buy hybrid vehicles.
B. Changing consumption patterns and stricter environmental laws have deceived hybrid vehiclebuyers.
C. Hybrid vehicle users have been disappointed by environmental rules and eco-friendly vehicle trend.
D. Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles.
E. Consumer values and tougher environmental rules reduce the purchase of hybrid vehicles.

Jawaban: D

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan parafrasa yang tepat untuk kalimat yang digarisbawahi pada paragraf 1.

Terjemahan kalimat yang bergaris bawah adalah 'Selain itu, pergeseran perilaku konsumen dan peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat telah mengakibatkan lebih banyak orang membeli kendaraan hibrida.'

Kalimat bermakna sama dengan kalimat tersebut adalah Stricter environmental rules and changing market trends have urged people to use hybrid vehicles, yang terjemahannya adalah 'Peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat dan tren pasar yang berubah telah mendorong orang untuk menggunakan kendaraan hibrida.'. Dengan demikian, pilihan D tepat.

Pilihan A tidak tepat. Terjemahan kalimatnya adalah 'Undang-undang lingkungan yang lebih ketat dan perubahan perilaku konsumen telah berdampak pada cara orang membeli kendaraan hibrida.'

Pilihan B tidak tepat. Terjemahan kalimatnya adalah 'Perubahan pola konsumsi dan undang-undang lingkungan yang lebih ketat telah menipu pembeli kendaraan hibrida.'

Pilihan C tidak tepat. Terjemahan kalimatnya adalah 'Pengguna kendaraan hibrida telah dikecewakan oleh peraturan lingkungan dan tren kendaraan ramah lingkungan.'

Pilihan E tidak tepat. Terjemahan kalimatnya adalah 'Perilaku konsumen dan peraturan lingkungan yang lebih ketat mengurangi pembelian kendaraan hibrida.'

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah D.

10. Topik: Understanding Specific Information
The question is based on the following passage.

Supply chain weaknesses were brought to the forefront during the COVID-19 pandemic, especially for industries relying on electronics, as the flow of raw materials slowed or sometimes stopped. On top of that, shifting consumer values and tougher environmental regulations have resulted in more people buying hybrid vehicles. The batteries in these cars require rare metals that, depending on their supplies, can have volatile and unpredictable prices. However, there are other scarce elements and materials that may be used in smaller amounts in hybrid models versus conventional gas vehicles, raising the question of how these vehicles really compare with regard to supply chain vulnerabilities. Randolph Kirchain and colleagues wanted to develop a comprehensive comparison of the elements and compounds that go into all the parts in gas-powered, self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid cars, calculating each of the three vehicles' materials cost vulnerability.

The researchers collected information on the compounds in the more than 350,000 parts used to build seven vehicles from the same manufacturer with different levels of electrification, including four sedans and three sport utility vehicles (SUVs). Then, they calculated the amount of the 76 chemical elements present, as well as a few other materials, in each car type. To develop a monetary metric for vulnerability, the team considered the weight of each component, along with its average price and price volatility between 1998 and 2015. The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks. The largest contributors to the increase in cost risks were battery-related elements, such as cobalt, nickel, graphite and neodymium. The researchers say that as manufacturers ramp up electric vehicle production to meet demand, reducing raw material cost risks with long-term supplier contracts, substituting some materials or recycling others will be a good idea.

American Chemical Society. (2021). Hybrid cars are twice as vulnerable to supply chain issues as gas-powered models. Taken on August 16, 2021 from www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/07/210728105731.htm.

According to the passage, due to the raw components, the buyers will find a hybrid vehicle ....

A. pricey
B. exorbitant
C. invaluable
D. overpriced
E. economical

Jawaban: A

Baca Juga: Soal dan Kunci Jawaban USP IPA Kelas 9 SMP MTs Prediksi Ujian Sekolah US UM Tahun Ajaran 2023

Pembahasan:

Soal tersebut menanyakan informasi yang tepat tentang pendapat pembeli mengenai mobil hibrida berdasarkan bahan bakunya.

Informasi yang menunjukkan bahan baku mobil hibrida terdapat di paragraf kedua. Pada paragraf tersebut, disampaikan bahwa menurut penelitian, komponen kendaraan hibrida berharga tinggi (The results showed that self-charging hybrid and plug-in hybrid vehicles have twice the raw material cost risks.).

Dengan demikian, dapat diketahui bahwa ketika orang-orang membeli kendaraan hibrida, mereka akan mendapati produk tersebut berharga tinggi sehingga pilihan A tepat.

Pilihan B dan D tidak tepat. Kata exorbitant dan overpriced memiliki arti 'di atas harga wajar'. Pada teks memang disebutkan bahwa harga bahan baku kendaraan hibrida tinggi, tetapi bukan berarti harga tersebut di atas harga wajar.

Pilihan C (tak ternilai) tidak tepat. Bahan baku yang berharga tinggi akan membuat kendaraan hibrida juga berharga tinggi, tetapi berharga tinggi bukan berarti tak ternilai.

Pilihan E (ekonomis atau terjangkau) tidak tepat karena harga bahan baku kendaraan hibrida berharga tinggi.

Jadi, pilihan jawaban yang tepat adalah A.

Itulah kumpulan soal UTBK Literasi Bahasa Inggris dan jawabannya beserta kunci jawaban pilihan ganda.***